ultimate business mastery system notes pdf

Hellenistic tachygraphy is reported from the 2nd century BCE onwards, though there are indications that it might be older. This shows a writing system primarily based on vowels, using certain modifications to indicate consonants. The earliest known indication of shorthand systems is from the Parthenon in Ancient Greece, where a mid-4th century BCE inscribed marble slab was found.

3 Common modern English shorthand systems.

2.2 Systems resembling standard writing.

Longer-term uses do exist, such as encipherment: diaries (like that of Samuel Pepys) are a common example. Shorthand notes were typically temporary, intended either for immediate use or for later typing, data entry, or (mainly historically) transcription to longhand. For example, healthcare professionals might use shorthand notes in medical charts and correspondence. Although the primary use of shorthand has been to record oral dictation or discourse, some systems are used for compact expression. Shorthand was considered an essential part of secretarial training and police work and was useful for journalists. Shorthand was used more widely in the past, before the invention of recording and dictation machines. In the computerized world, several autocomplete programs, standalone or integrated in text editors, based on word lists, also include a shorthand function for frequently used phrases. Many journalists use shorthand writing to quickly take notes at press conferences or other similar scenarios.

Abbreviation methods are alphabet-based and use different abbreviating approaches. A typical shorthand system provides symbols or abbreviations for words and common phrases, which can allow someone well-trained in the system to write as quickly as people speak. It has also been called brachygraphy, from Greek brachys (short), and tachygraphy, from Greek tachys (swift, speedy), depending on whether compression or speed of writing is the goal.

The process of writing in shorthand is called stenography, from the Greek stenos (narrow) and graphein (to write). Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language. Dutch stenography using the 'System Groote'

Ultimate business mastery system notes pdf